Remarks

[#1]
Philinae was regarded as a subfamily of Vesperidae by P.©vácha (P.©vácha et al., 1997).


[#2]
The border line between two subspecies of Rhagium inquisitor in East Siberia is not clear. According two Plavilstshikov (1936), the area of Rhagium inquisitor rugipenne begins from about Baikal Lake. So, it must be represented at least in East Mongolia, while in West Mongolia (Altai and southwards Tuva) Rhagium inquisitor inquisitor is distributed.

Only Rhagium inquisitor rugipenne was recorded for Mongolia by Namhaidorzh (1972).


[#3]
Brachyta breiti was recorded for Mongolia by Danilevsky (1998).


[#4]
Nivellia extensa was recorded for Mongolia by Janovsky (1980).


[#5]
Anoplodera rufiventris was transformed to Xestoleptura by Miroshnikov (1998).


[#6]
Pachytodes orthotrichus is definitely known from Tuva and Khakassia to Irkutsk Region (Sarma River in my collection). The species must occur in Mongolia, though up to now (2002) no exact records were published. It was recorded for Mongolia and for West Siberia by Lobanov et al. (1981), but without any comments


[#7]
The record of Pidonia puziloi for Mongolia (Lobanov et al., 1981) is rather doubtful. The reasons for supposition of Dokhtouroffia nebulosa for Mongolia (Lobanov et al., 1981) are not clear.


[#8]
Niisato (1994) recorded Necydalis major aino for Mongolia.


[#9]
According to Hayashi (1979), Asemum punctulatum is represented in Mongolia.


[#10]
Atimia maculipuncta was recorded for Mongolia (as Myctus) by Lindeman and Lyamtseva (1979).


[#11]
Asias tuvensis seems to be never recorded for Mongolia. I've got two males of Asias tuvensis from Mongolia: "North Mongolia, Zuun-Erzu, 5.8.63", another locality is not readable ("5.8.62").


[#12]
Asias gobiensis Namhaidorzh, 1973 was compared with Asias degener (Semenov, 1907) described from Tsaidam - a big area in China westwards from Kuku-Nor Lake. The species was never recorded for Republic of Mongolia, but absent in Gressitt's (1951) monograph on China.


[#13]
Amarysius duplicatus, described from Salair Mts. (near Novosibirsk) and Tuva, was recorded for Far East Russia (Amur Region and Primorsky Region) by Danilevsky (1998a) and so must be distributed in East Siberia, North China and probably in Mongolia. Two males and a female from Kazakhstan (Ust-Kamenogorsk env.) are represented in my collection. Here both Amarysius species occur sympatrically.


[#14]
I do not have any Amarysius from Mongolia, but my Amarysius altajensis from Buryatiya and Chita region are similar to Far East specimens and can be regarded as Amarysius altajensis ussuricus. So in Mongolia must be also represented Amarysius altajensis ussuricus.


[#15]
The area of Amarysius sanguinipennis was enlarged eastwards by Cherepanov (1982) to Altai and Tomsk.


[#16]
According to Danilevsky (1993): Chlorophorus obliteratus (described from "centralen Mongolei") = Chlorophorus ubsanurensis. Chlorophorus obliteratus was recorded for Mongolia by Heyrovsky (1965). Chlorophorus mongolicus Pic was described after one specimen "de Mongolie". According to Gressitt (1951), it is distributed in "NW China". The type of the taxon is absent in Pic's collection in Paris (2002). It was mentioned by Namhaidorzh (1972) as a separate species. One specimen with such identification is preserved in Heyrovský's collection (Prague) and looks very similar to my 3 males of Chlorophorus obliteratus from Mongolia. Evidently that specimen was compared with Chlorophorus diadema kaszabi in its original description. The dark elytral patterns in all my three Mongolian specimens (from rather distant localities: Gobi-Altai aimak, South-Gobi aimak, Kobd aimak) are a little different. The last specimen (with more reduced dark elytral pattern) is totally agree with the picture of Chlorophorus ubsanurensis (recorded for Mongolia by Namkhaidorzh, 1982: Gobi-Altai aimak, Baian-Khongor aimak,) in Cherepanov's (1982) monograph. Most probably Chlorophorus obliteratus = Chlorophorus mongolicus.

The dark elytral pattern in Chlorophorus obliteratus looks like reduced black patterns of typical Chlorophorus diadema. That is why such specimens were described, as Chlorophorus diadema kaszabi. The original description of Chlorophorus diadema kaszabi totally fits to some of my specimens of Chlorophorus obliteratus. So it looks possible that Chlorophorus obliteratus is a subspecies or just a colour form of Chlorophorus diadema.

I am sure same taxon was recorded for Mongolia as Chlorophorus faldermanni (by Heyrovský, 1968 for Kobd aimak, Khara-Us-Nur and independently by Namkhaidorzh, 1976 for South Gobi-aimak, 20km S Bulgan). Chlorophorus diadema diadema was also recorded for Mongolia (Namkhaidorzh, 1974 1976). It is also represented by two specimens in my collection (South-Gobi aimak and Baian-Khongor aimak). Mongolian Chlorophorus diadema diadema is very close by all characters to Chlorophorus diadema diadema from Far East Russia.


[#17]
The true D. darigangense was unknown to Namkhaidorzh. The identification of my series of the species was proved by comparison with holotype (elytra only are available in Heyrovský's collection in Prague). So, good collecting data of E. darigangense seem to be never published. Here are the labels of my materials: 5 males and 1 female, Sukhe-Bator Aimak, Dariganga env., Duut-Nuur, 20.7.1985, Ulykpan leg.; 1 male and 1 female, Dariganga env., Zeget-Nuur, 20.7.1985, Ulykpan leg.; male elytra, 2km W Dariganga, 1230m, 45°18'N, 113°49'E, 15.8.2002, M.Danilevsky leg.

The taxon, described as "E. darigangense" by Namkhaidorzh (1976: 210) is a Mongolian form of E. chinganicum and was recorded by Heyrovský (1973a) as E. chinganicum rubrosuturale. D. chinganicum rubrosuturale (described as a species from Inshan Mts - far southwards from the territory of Mongolian Republic) was regarded by Breuning (1962) as morpha of D. chinganicum, which can be also found near Kharbin.

In fact all infraspecific taxa of E. chinganicum (including E. ch. melancholicum) were described from China. The differences of Mongolian E. chinganicum (under the name "darigangense") from type specimens of D. chinganicum chinganicum and D. chinganicum melancholicum were described by Namkhaidorzh (1976:211), who reliably supposed his "E. darigangense" as a geographical form of E. chinganicum. So, Mongolian E. chinganicum represents a new subspecies.

E. darigangense and E. chinganicum are not close. The photographs of males and females of both taxa are represented in http://www.zin.ru/Animalia/Coleoptera/rus/atlasdan/.


[#18]
E. virgatum was not recorded for Mongolia by Namkhaidorzh and most probably absent in the republic, but was definitely recorded for East Mongolia (foothills of Khingan Ridge) by Plavilstshikov (1958).


[#19]
The description of E. lutshniki altanelsense from sands Altan-els (Ubsunur Aimak onnear the border with Russia) was based on two small males with antennae shorter than body (!?) and fused two dorsal white stripe (so only three dorsal white stripe present). Such elytral design is known as rare aberration from Tuva. A pair of E. lutshniki altanelsense is preserved in Zoological Institute (St.-Petersburg). A male: "Dzabkhan aimak, 20 km WNW Tes, 3.7.1968, Arnoldi leg." is really with only 3 dorsal white stripes, antennae are a little longer than body, so shorter than in the nominative form, body is relatively narrow. A female: "Dzabkhan aimak, 20 km WNW Tes, 3.7.1968, Emelianov leg." is without dorsal white stripes. The presence in Altan-Else of both forms (striated and glabrous) was also mentioned by Namkhaidorzh (1972). Which subspecies of E. lutshniki occurs near Ulangom rests unknown to me, so I leave the name of the nominative subspecies in Mongolian fauna until new information.


[#20]
Pterolophia rigida (Bates, 1873), which according to Kusama and Takakuwa (1974), is a synonym of P. granulata (Motschulsky, 1866) - both described from Japan - was recorded for Mongolia by Namkhaidorzh (1974: 173). Later (Namkhaidorzh, 1976: 213) the corresponding specimens were identified as P. burakowskii.

I regard Pterolophia mandshurica = burakowskii on the base of original description accompanied by a picture. P. burakowskii was described from East-Gobi Aimak. I've got a female of Mongolian P. mandshurica from Bulgan Aimak. It was originally recorded for Mongolia by Namkhaidorzh (1974: 173 - Sukhe-Bator Aimak, East Aimak, East-Gobi Aimak) as P. rigida. Later (Namkhaidorzh, 1976: 213) the identifications of corresponding specimens were changed to P. burakowskii.

According to Cherepanov (1983): Pteroplophia mandshurica = selengensis (described from Mongolian part of Selenga River Valley). Holotype and a paratype of P. selengensis are preserved in Zoological Museum (St. Petersburg). In general they are a little paler than specimens from Far East Russia, but no other differences.


[#21]
Cerambyx hieroglyphicus Pallas, 1773 was described from "Siberia". The taxon was accepted as easten subspecies by Breuning (1952: 177) and Gressitt (1951: 554). It is characterized by constantly blue colour of pale pubescence. It is agree with my specimens from Tuva and Russian Primorie Region.

The subspecies was recorded for "Lappland" by Breuning (1952), so can be distributed in North of the European part of Russia, as well as in Norway, Sweden and Finland; for Sakhalin Is. by Matsushita et Tamanuki (1935) - afer Gressitt (1951); and for Mongolia by Heyrovský (1973b), as well as for "Nordeuropa".


[#22]
Ch. motschulskyi was recorded for Mongolia by Namkhaidorzh (1976: 208). One male with a label: "Verkhneudinsk [now Ulan-Ude] env, Berezovka, 21.6.1920" is preserved in my collection.


[#23]
#23 According to Namkhaidorzh (1972), E. maurum = E. grumi = E. boldi - described from Ubsunur ("Uvs") aimak after one female with striated elytra.

All taxa of i group "quinquevittatum-maurum" belong to one species. Now I am ready to recognize 4 subspecies, though in reality the number of subspecies must be more. Sometimes the areas of different subspecies nearly contact one another (and specimens from different populations are preserved with identic labels). Sometimes populations of different subspecies are intermixed or the area of one subspecies is interrupted by the area of another. Very often morphologically identic specimens can be observed in different subspecies.

E. quinquevittatum was described (as Neodorcadion) from "Governement Minusinsk" on the base of specimens with elytral carinae and white stripes. The specimens with the most developed elytral carinae are distributed in Central Tuva in Kyzyl environs. So, traditionally this form was regarded as typical E. quinquevittatum, and I believed that Tuva could be included in "Governement Minusinsk" sensu Hammerström (1893), while Minusinsk is situated about 300 km northwards Kyzyl, and occurrence here of any form of E. quinquevittatum looks rather doubteful (but E. quinquevittatum was recorded for south part of Krasnoiarsk Region - West Sajans by Plavilstshikov, 1958). More over, inside Tuva Republic all known populations of the species northwards Kyzyl are characterized by reduction of elytral carinae and elytral white stripes (which are often totally absent). This form was described as Neodorcadion leucogrammum Suvorov.

Recently (2003) I've received a big series of E. quinquevittatum with the label: "Krasnoiarsk Region, Verchneusinsk, Us River Valley, 5.7.2002, A.Brinev leg." All specimens (about 50) are very similar and have elytral carinae and white dorsal elytral stripes. This form is fitting well to the original description and very possibly was the base for it. Still the level of development of elytral carinae and white stripes in that population (which must be accepted as typical) is never so strong as in specimens from Central Tuva, but can often be observed in different populations of E. leucogrammum sensu Plavilstshikov (1958). So now I see the necessity to accept: E. quinquevittatum = E. leucogrammum.

Neodorcadion leucogrammum Suvorov was described from "nörlichen Abhängen des Gebirgsrückens Tanny-Ola Anfang VIII.903 gesammelt." on the base of 3 males and 1 female with hardly developed elytral carinae and white stripes. The syntype female preserved in the collection of Zoological Institute, St.-Petersburg belongs to another form - described as Neodorcadion grumi ab. leucotaenium. A male from same collection with two hand labels by Suvorov: "Neodorcadion leucogrammum typ.m." and "Namiur River to the north from Kobdo, 18.VII.1903, Gr.-Gr. leg." does not to type series, because was collected much before the expedition reached Tuva territory, out of type locality - it is striated form of E. quinquevittatum maurum. In my materials typical population is represented by specimens from Chal-Kezhig in Elegest River Valley (north slope of Tannu-Ola Ridge), where striated specimens are mixed with glabrous. My specimens from Bai-Haak represent a transitional population to E. quinquevittatum sajanicum.

"E. leucogrammum", sensu Tsherepanov (1983: "Ulug-Khem depression eastwards Chadan") is another species - E. tuvense Plavilstshikov.

E. quinquevittatum sajanicum (= E. quinquevittatum sensu Plavilstshikov, 1958, partim) was descriped (as Neodorcadion sajanicum Hammerstrom) from Kemchik River Valley (Central Tuva). I do not know the type, but according to Plavilstshikov (1958), it is similar to the type of E. quinquevittatum. The type locality is rather close to the east border of the subspecies distributed from about Chadan to Kyzyl and then southards to Mongolian border (Erzin). I collected a lot of very typical E. quinquevittatum sajanicum near Ishtii-Hem (about 40km southwards the type locality - Kemchik River).

A population of E. quinquevittatum sajanicum from near Erzin, as well as the population of E. quinquevittatum quinquevittatum from north Tannu-Ola (mentioned above) consists of striated and glabrous specimens (glabrous, smooth males are much more numerous than glabrous females). According to J.Mikhailov (personal communication, 2003), glabrous males often copulate with striated females; besides all transitional forms were observed (the population is represented in my materials with the specimens collected by B.Korotiaev). Southwards (in about 20km), near Tere-Khol Lake the population of E. quinquevittatum sajanicum includes only striated specimens.

E. quinquevittatum katharinae was described from north Mongolia (most probably from Ubsu-Nur Lake Valley) after one male (holotype in ZIN, St.Petersburg). The subspecies is characterized by usually wide body with very strong elytral carinae and with the widest white elytral stripes known in the species. It is distributed around Ubsu-Nur Lake and in sands (Altan-Els) along Tesiyn-Gol (north of Ubsunur and Dzabkhan aimaks). The population of E. quinquevittatum katharinae from Altan-Els Sands consists of striated and smooth glabrous specimens with many transitional forms (similar to the populations of E. quinquevittatum quinquevittatum from Chal-Kezhig, north slope of Tannu-Ola, and to the population of E. quinquevittatum sajanicum from near Erzin, south Tuva).

The description of Neodorcadion maurum Jakovlev was based on three syntypes: 2 males "trouvés en 1879 par Mr G.Potanin en Mongolie" and 1 female "venant de l'Alai" - the last locality is not exact. According to Namhaidorzh (1972) the type series was collected near Ulangom.

The same population was partly used for the description of E. grumi: syntype male and sytype female in my collection with the label in Russian: ["Namiur River between Kobdo River and Ulangom, 18.7.1903, Grum-Grzhimailo"]. Another part of E. grumi syntypes was collected in north Tannu-Ola. One syntype male in my collection with the label in Russian: ["north slope of Tannu-Ola Ridge, 3-5.8.1903, Grum-Grzhimailo"]. I've got very similar specimens from Torgalyk River. I do not see the difference between specimens from Tuva and Mongolia. If the diference exists, the synonymy maurum = grumi could be canceled, after respective lectotype designation. Now the area of the taxon is very large. Tuva: planes northwards Tannu-Ola, hills southwards Tannu-Ola from Mugur-Aksy to Samagaltai. Mongolia: from the west part of Greate Lakes Valley - Ureg-Nug Lake eastwards along Tesiyn-Gol to Dzabkhan aimak and southwards up to Kobdo. The are of the taxon described by Plavilstshikov (1958) is totally wrong: there is nothing similar to the taxon in Transbaicalie or in Selenga and Orkhon Rivers Valleis.

E. quinquevittatum maurum is characterized by smooth, often shining elytra without humeri granules, without epical elytral white stripe, abdomen with less dense pubescence. Specimens with elytral carinae and white elytral stripes are well known as rare female form (ab. leucotaenium), but very rare males also can be striated.

In some areas the transitional forms between E. quinquevittatum maurum and E. quinquevittatum quinqievittatum (Chal-Kezhig) or E. quinquevittatum maurum and E. quinquevittatum sajanicum (Erzin) or E. quinquevittatum katatharinae (from Barun-Turun to Delgerekh) are known, but in some areas - not (Khadyn Lake, Bai-Khaak).

The proposed nomenclature must be regarded as preliminal as it is not quite natural. In fact the typical population of E. quinquevittatum quinquevittatum in Us-River Valley is totally isolated from any other populations of the species and is rather peculiar. So, all other populations with poor developed white elytral stripes must have another names. That also concerns the population of E. quinquevittatum sajanicum from Khemtchik-River Valley to Shagonar and futher eastwards to about Kyzyl. Similar populations southwards Kyzyl have much stronger elytral sculpture and white elytral strokes, so they represent another subspecies and need a new name. Also new names must be proposed for strongly variable populations from near Erzin and for very stable population from Tere-Khol Lake. With such point of view E. quinquevittatum leucogrammum is distributed only along north slope of Tannu-Ola, while similat populations northwards and eastwards Kyzyl need new names. So, at least 5 new subspecies names must be introduced for Tuva only.

Several localities known to me (ZIN - collection of Zoological Museum, St.-Petersburg; MD - my collection):

    E. quinquevittatum katharinae:
  1. Ubsu-Nur aimak, south bank of Ubsu-Nur Lake, 10.8.1975, L. Medvedev leg. (typical form) (MD)
  2. Ubsu-Nur aimak, 40km ESE Dzun-Goby (near Barun-Turun), 12.8.1975, L. Medvedev leg. (typical form) (MD)
  3. Ubsu-Nur aimak, 30km NE Barun-Turun [Sands Altan-Els], 5.7.1968, Arnoldi leg. (incl. strongly widened carinated males and females, and very white females, as well as specimens with partly reduced carinae and white stripes to totally smooth and glabrous) (ZIN)
  4. Dzabkhan aimak, 10km NW Tes (or Delgerekh), 13-16.8.1975 L.Medvedev leg. (typical form) (MD)
  5. Dzabkhan aimak, 30km WNW Tes (or Delgerekh), 3-4.7.1968, Emelianov leg. (transition to E. quinquevittatum maurum males with reduced carinae and elytral stripes to totally smooth and glabrous) (ZIN)

    E. quinquevittatum maurum:
  1. Ubsu-Nur aimak, south bank of Ubsu-Nur Lake, 50km E Ulangom, 6.8.1970, Emelianov leg. (type locality?) (only typical form) (ZIN)
  2. Ubsu-Nur aimak, NW bank of Urug-Nur Lake, 17.7.1968, Arnoldi (typical male and ab.leucotaenium)(ZIN)
  3. Ubsu-Nur aimak, Dzun-Gobi, 9.8.1970, Emelianov (typical form) (ZIN)
  4. Ubsu-Nur aimak, 30km W Ulangom, 13.7.1968, Arnoldi leg. (typical form) (ZIN)
  5. Ubsu-Nur aimak, 19-32km NW Ulangom, 27.6-8.7.1968, Kaszab's exp. (typical form with Heyrovsky's identifications: "grumi" and "dorcas morozum") (MD)
  6. Ubsu-Nur aimak, 20km NW Mt.Turgen-Ula, 20.7.1968, Arnoldi (typical form) (ZIN)
  7. Ubsu-Nur aimak, SW Orog-Nur Lake, 14km WSW from Ulan-Daba, 6.7.1968, Kaszab's exp. (typical form with Heyrovský's identifications: "dorcas morozum") (MD)


[#24]
E. dorcas was described (as Neodorcadion) from "Nord de la Mongolie". No specimens of typical form (with white stripes) in Zoological Institute (St.-Petersburg) are equipped with good geographical label. My typical male has the label: "Shurgyngol" - it is a river in the south part of Dzabkhan aimak south-eastwards Uliasutai. Same locality was mentioned for E. dorcas by Namkhaidorzh (1972).

Neodorcadion morosum was described as a species from "Nord-Ouest de la Mongolie" on a single male ("21 mm"). The holotype (20 mm) with the label in Russian: ["N-W Mongolia, 8.7.1894, Clemenz"] is preserved in Zoological Institute (St.-Petersburg). The name was faithfully declared as a synonym of E. dorcas (glabrous form) by Plavilstshikov (1958). It is agree with my materials as I've got E. dorcas ab. morosum from Aldarkhan, that is about same population as from Shurgyngol River Valley. My series from Ereen Lake (north part of Gobi-Altai aimak) consists mostly of ab. morosum, but includes one female of typical form.

E. dorcas scabrosum was described from sands near Khukh-Mort (north of Gobi-Altai aimak - type locality), that is less than 100 km eastwards population of nominative subspecies. Another locality represented in the type series is sandy desert in Khungui River Valley (Dzabkhan aimak), that is about 120 km northwards from the type locality. Two paratypes from near Khuh-Mort are preserved in Zoological Institute (St.-Petersburg). Male is glabrous, but female with white stripes. I've got a glabrous pair from near type locality. The taxon really differs from the nominative subspecies by much more rough elytral sculpture.

L.Heyrovský had no adequate imagination of the species. I've got a series of E. maurum from one locality (Ubsunur aimak, 32 km NW Ulangom, 1200 m, 27.6-7.7.1968, Exp. Dr.Z.Kaszab) with two different identifications by L.Heyrovský: "E. dorcas m. morosum" and "E. grumi". The very peculiar rough elytral sculpture of E. dorcas makes the identification of the species very easy.

A single females, described as E. dorcas fortecostatum Heyrovský, 1975, from near Ulangom (Ubsunur aimak) belongs to corresponding form of E. maurum.

The separation of E. dorcas annulatum, as it was mentioned by Namkhaidorzh (1972), could hardly be accepted. The type series consists of glabrous forms of two different species: E. egregium from Kobd aimak and E. dorcas from Gobi-Altai aimak (Dzabkhan River Valley northwards Dzhargalan - that is rather close to known typical population). Unfortunately, where is holotype from, is not clear from the original description. But if the holotype is from Gobi-Altai aimak and its antenna really with white rings, than it must just an aberration of E. dorcas dorcas.

Plavilstshikov (1958) described too wide area for E. dorcas. The species sure absent near Ulan-Bator and in Selenga River Valley. I believe, that its are is limited by the region to south-west from Khingai Ridge (Gobi-Altai and Dzabkhan aimaks). It must be absent both in Russia and in China.


[#25]
E. brandti was definitely recorded for Mongolia by Heyrovský (1964, 1968, 1969), but all records are unbelievable, as it was mentioned by Namkhaidorzh (1972). So, I am sure, the species absent in Mongolia.


[#26]
E. zichyi was described from "Naran environs in Gobi Desert". According to Namkhaidorzh (1972) the type locality is situated in East-Gobi aimak (so it is not modern Naran in Sukhe-Bator aimak, where E. zichyi absent). I've collected more than 100 specimens of the species (9-10.8.2002) in the central part of East-Gobi aimak in sands near Khuvsgel (males: 16.0-24.7 mm, females: 22.7-32 mm - so it is the longest known Dorcadionini). I've also studied a paratype female in Heyrovský collection in Prague.

Namhkaidorzh (1972) proposed a new synonymy: E. heros = E. zichyi.

E. heros (Jakovlev, 1899) was described (as Neodorcadion) on one female ("24mm") from "montibus Alashanicis meridionalibus...". The holotype (24.5 mm) is preserved in Zoolological Institute (St.-Petersburg) with the label in Russian ["S Alashan, VI and beginning of VII.1873, Przhevalsky"; besides one conspecific male is also preserved with the label in Russian ["China"].

E. heros is very close to E. zichyi, but differs from all specimens of E. zichyi by rather flat male elytra, less rough pronotal sculpture and red femora (that is impossible in E. zichyi). Besides the area of E. zichyi is delimited from Alashan Desert by the area of another vicariant species. So I prefer now to regard both as different species.


[#27]
E. intermedium was described (as Neodorcadion) "du Nord de Gobi, pres de la fontain Ourdjume et a Outben-Kotel" on two syntypes. According to Namkhaidorzh (1972), the type locality, Kotel-Usu well or Khutel-Us, is situated in South-Gobi aimak between two mountain ridges Tost-Ula and Nemegt-Ula (south-west part of the aimak). Both syntypes (each with label: "Mong. centr., 20-21.VIII.1886, G.Potanin") preserved in Zoological Museum, St.-Petersburg (same specimens, as were studied by Namkhaidorzh before 1972) do not correspond good enough to the original description. Both are males, while Jakovlev mentioned male and female; both males are about 16.5 mm long, while Jakovlev's male must be 15 mm and "female" - 18 mm. Elytra of both males are ubnormal and rather different, but such situation is not reflected in the original description, which is too general. Still, I regard both specimens as true syntypes, as they are characterized by very special character reflected in the original description - antennae,legs, elytral borders and partly frons are red.

E. mongolicum was described (as Neodorcadion) on series of specimens "trouvées en 1893 dans la Mongolie par M.Clemenz". Jakovlev mentioned the size of one male (17 mm) and one female (20 mm), but in the text he used several males for description.

Now in Zoologica Institute (St.-Petersburg) three similar males (14.5-16.5 mm) are equiped with original Jakovlev's red type labels, but all without any geographical label. A female (19.5 mm) undoubtedly belongs to syntype series, though has only one original label in Russian ["V.Jakovlev's coll."]. Besides, there are a very similar pair of males (17.5 mm and 20 mm) without Jakovlev's labels, but with the geographical labels in Russian ["N-W Mongolia, 20.VI-7.VII.1894, Clemenz" and "N-W Mongolia, 9.VII-10.VIII.1894, Clemenz"]. Any way all these specimens look like members of one population.

The syntype series does not allow to identify exactly its geographical origine, as very similar specimens (collection of Zoological Museum, St.-Petersburg) are known from very wide area (from Dzabkhan River Valley in the north part of Gobi-Altai aimak, to Ushugin-Obo Mt. in the east part of Uver-Khangai aimak. Besides, I've got similar specimens from near Beger in the east part of Gobi-Altai aimak. The syntypes of E. intermedium do not possess any character, which could distinguish E. intermedium as a species from E. mongolicum.

In general elytral and thoracic punctuation and design are same. The locality of E. intermedium is situated at the south part of E. mongolicum area. So, E. intermedium = E. mongolicum.

E. kaszabi was described from two localities: Bogd environs in Bain-Khongor aimak and Khovd environs in Uver-Khangai aimak. Both localities are inside the area of E. intermedium. The original description is equipped with photographs of a male and a female, besides I've studied a syntype female in Heyrovský collection in Prague National Museum. The specimens used by Heyrovský for his description are nearly identical to syntypes of E. mongolicum. So, E. intermedium = E. mongolicum = E. kaszabi.

Heyrovský did not compare his new species with any other species, but mentioned: "Dem E. ornatum Fald. nahestehend.", which was totally out of the reality.

All localities, mentined above, are situtated westwards from 103°E. So, I accept the area of the monimative form as the western half of the species area.

Neodorcadion kozlovi was described from "Zentral Mongolei; Chutzen-Shanda Brunnen 16.VII.1909 (Expedition P.K. Kozlov, coll. P.P. Semenov-Tian-Shansky)." on series of males (16-20 mm) and a female (22 mm). Now a series with original Suvorov's type labels preserved in Zoological Museum (St.-Petersburg) consists of two specimens: male (15.5 mm) with label in Russian ["Cent. Mongolia, Tzosto River, 28.VI-2.VII.1909, Kozlov's exp."] and a female (22.5 mm) with Russian label ["Cent. Mongolia, Khutzen-Shanda well, 16.VII.1909, Kozlov's exp."]. Namkhaidorzh (1972) had in his disposal 10 syntypes. According to I.Kerzhner (2003, personal communication), the well Chutzen-Shanda is situated in the north part of South-Gobi aimak near Mandal-Obo (44°08'N, 104°05'E). One more male is preserved in the museum from the type locality ("Omnogov aimak, Mandal-Obo, 26.7.1967, B.Namkhaidorzh leg"). Nearby I've collected a series of specimens in 2002 from near Mandal-Gobi (45°10'N, 105°30'E) to Manlai (44°03'N, 107°02'E) and to Mandah (44°24'N, 108°13'E - more than 100 ex.); I've also got several specimens from near Sain-Shand (44°47'N, 110°07'E). Both syntypes and a male from Mandal-Obo are very similar to my series collected in 2002 becouse of usual (by not constant!) conjugation of internal dorsal elytral stripes with sutural stripe forming wide central white elytral trianguilar area, which are always absent in specimens of E. intermedium from westwards of 103°E. So, I regard all these populations as E. intermedium ssp. kozlovi. Still certain specimens of E. intermedium kozlovi are indistinguished from the nominative form.

Plavilstshikov (1958) used in the key only one character for separation of his E. mongolicum from his E. kozlovi: the wide fusion between humeral elytral stripe and external dorsal stripe at elytral base. According to the original description only one syntype male (the biggest) had a connection between humeral elytral stripe and external dorsal stripe at elytral base. This character is really absent in all known to me E. intermedium intermedium, but present in about 80% of E. intermedium kozlovi.

The description of Neodorcadion princeps was based on a single male ("18 mm") without exact geographical data. The holotype (18 mm) without geographical label, preserved in Zoological Museum (St.-Petersburg), has an original label by Ménetriés hand "D. ornatum var." mentioned in the original description and totally corresponds to the it. The holotype is characterized by totally fused humeral and external dorsal elytral stripes forming rather wide joined humeral stripe, sutural stripe is also wide. In fact such elytral design is simply a very rare abberation known in many different taxa (E. argali rugipenne, E. intermedium intermedium, E. intermedium kozlovi, E. oryx). Among more than hundred E. intermedium kozlovi, collected by me in East-Gobi aimak about 6 males and 2 female have similar elytral design.

The holotype of N. princeps most probably is the corresponding aberration of E. ornatum (as it was reflected in the oryginal label by Ménetriés) because of: black legs, black antennae, absence of internal dorsal elytral stripe (so, not E. intermedium or E. oryx), moderately rough elytral sculture near humeri similar to E. argali rugipenne (so not E. intermedium, or E. zichyi, or E. heros - besides much smaller than E. heros or E. zichyi), rather rough elytral sculpure near middle - just same as in syntype female of E. ornatum (so, not E. argali rugipenne). Besides, the syntype female of E. ornatum has very special strongly developed white pubescence of pronotum which is unknown to me in any specimen of related species, but just same as in holotype of N. princeps. So, E. ornatum = E. princeps.

Namkhaidorzh (1972) mentioned a single male of E. princeps from near Altan-Shire (East-Gobi aimak) as the first record of the species for Mongolia. That was rather natural as the locality is situated inside the population of E. intermedium kozlovi. So, E. intermedium kozlovi = E. princeps, sensu Namkhaidorzh, 1972 (not Jakovlev, 1899).

I can suppose now several local subspecies inside the very big area of E. intermedium, but now all infraspecific names belong to the nominative form and to E. intermedium kozlovi.

E. argali, E. novitzkyi, E. intermedium, E. oryx and E. heros constitute a system of vicariant species.


[#28]
E. argali rugipenne was described from near Dariganga (Sukhe-Bator aimak. In 2002 I had the possibility to collect many hundreds of specimens of this taxon in different populations around Dariganga. E. argali rugipenne differs from E. argali argali (I know about hundred specimens) by some more or less constant characters and occupies south east part od species area.

Namkhaidorzh (1972) mentioned that the taxon was not known to him. But in 1976 he reported it inder the name "E. argali", though exactly from the type locality of E. argali rugipenne.

The abundance of the specimens just on the border with China makes me sure that E. argali rugipenne is also distributed in North China.

E. quadricarinatum described from near Ulan-Bator is a synonym of E. argali, as it was faithfully supposed by Namkhaidorzh.


[#29]
According to Namkhaidorzh (1974), E. egregium = E. albitarsale.


[#30]
Olenecamptus octopustulatus was recorded for Transbaicalie (Tchikoi - borderline with Mongolia) by Tcherepanov (1983), so old records of the taxon for Mongolia (ignored by Plavilstshikov, 1958) could be right.


[#31]
I've got in my collection one specimen of Apomecyna histrio with the label: "East Siberia, Selenginsk, 1914".


[#32]
Several species were definitely recorded fore Mongolia by Janovsky (1974): Anastrangalia renardi (Khubsugul and Ara-Khangai aimaks), Callidium aeneum (Khubsugul, Baian-Ulegey, Kobd aimaks), Xylotrechus altaicus (Ubsunur aimak), Amarysius sanguinipennis (Selenga aimak), Leiopus albivittis (Selenga and Khubsugul aimaks).


[#33]
Acanthocinus griseus and Acanthocinus carinulatus were recorded for Mongolia by Namkhaidorzh (1972). The taxonomy of Siberian Acanthocinus was revised by Hasegawa (1996). According to my materials (checked by Dr. M.Hasegawa in 2003): Acanthocinus griseus is distributed eastwards to about Krasnoiarsk Region and Acanthocinus sachalinensis is distributed westwards to about Buriatia, so in Mongolia can be represented both.


[#34]
Tetrops rosarum was recorded for Mongolia by Tcherepanov (1985) and O.Krivolutzkaia (in: Cherepanov, 1996) without special comments. Most probably the records were based on Tetrops mongolicus Murzin, 1977.


[#35]
Menesia flavotecta, Ropaloscelis unifasciatus, Agapanthia dahli and Agapanthia villosoviridescens were recorded for Mongolia by Lobanov et al. (1982) without any comments most probably on the base of specimens which now are not in my disposal.
The occurrence of Agapanthia dahli in Mongolia does not look impossible, as I have a very typical Agapanthia dahli specimen from Khakassia (Maina - southwards Abakan). The species is very common near Novosibirsk.
Agapanthia villosoviridescens is represented im my collection from Altai and from Novosibirsk.


[#36]
Agapanthia leucaspis was recorded for Mongolia (Selenga aimak) by Namhaidorzh (1982).


[#37]
As it was written to me by G.Sama (personal communication, 2003): "Semenov (1914) introduced Asias a new name replacing Anoplistes Serville, 1833 not Westwood, 1831 (Diptera). I was able to consult Neave (Nomenclator Zoologicus, 1939, 1: 216); according to it, Anoplistes was described by Westwood only in 1835 (Anoplistes Westwood, 1835, London & Edinb., Phil. Mag., 3(6) (34): 280). This is confirmed by Horn & Schenkling, 1929 (Index Litteraturae Entomologicae, series 1, band 4: 1312) where any Westwood's paper dealing with Diptera is listed in 1831, while is confirmed for 1835 the description of "Insectorum novorum exoticorum". Phillos. Mag. (3), 6: 280-281". So, the name Anoplistes Serville, 1833 is valid.


[#38]
Asaperda stenostola was recorded for Mongolia (as well as for Kazakhstan) by Lobanov et al. (1982) most probably on the base of specimens which are now not in my dosposal. I have in my collection a female from Altai (Chemal).


[#39]
The occurrence in Mongolia (as well as in Siberia) Chlorophorus sartor is rather doubtful. No collecting data were published by Plavilstshikov, Heyrovský or Namhaidorzh. Cherepanov (1982) did not find the species in Siberia.


[#40]
E. ptyalopleurum (Suvorov, 1909) absent in Mongolia. It was not mentioned in any publication by Namnkhaidorzh. The record by Breuning (1946) was evidently based on wrong identification of E. maurum.


[#41]
Mantitheus pekinensis was recorded for Mongolia by Namhaidorzh (1974) on the base of one female from East-Gobi Aimak, which is not known to me. Later (Namhaidorzh, 1976: 221) apparently same specimen was identified as Mantitheus gracilis.


[#42]
E. oryx was described (as Neodorcadion) without any geographical data (and without size data). The original description was undoubtedly based on a single male (15.4mm long), preserved now in Zoological Institute (St.-Petersburg). The holotype is characterized by exceptional elytral design (ubnormally narrow sutural white stripe, and so ubnormally wide internal dorsal glabrous carina), which is precisely reflected in the original description. Other specimens (3 males and 1 female) identified as E. oryx (by Suvorov and Baeckmann) in the Museum's collection are sure conspecific with holotype, though differ from the later by less deep elytral punctuation and by normally wide sutural stripe and narrower glabrous dorsal internal carina. All 4 specimens belong to one series with the label: "Nordl. Mongolei, Changai, Leder". All 4 specimens and holotype have several granules near humeri, which are nearly indistinct in one male; so the main Plavilstshikov's (1958: 480) distinguishing character of E. oryx - the presence of humeral granules - is wrong. These granules are also indistinct in all my specimens of E. oryx with good geographical labels:
1 male: "Mong. m., Barun-Bajan-Ulan, 18.8.1966" - Uver-Khangai aimak.
2 males and 3 females, "Uver-Khangai aimak, 50 km NW Aiverkhei, 45°51'N, 101°58'E, 1800m, 19.7.2002, S.Churkin leg.".

As far as I know, no exact distributional data on E. oryx were published up to now (2003). Three localities from East-Gobi aimak (near Tenger-Nur Lake, near Shokhoi-Nur Lake and near Sulan-Khere) published by Namkhaidorzh (1976) [wrongly attributed by him to South Gobi aimak], concern another species, close to E. intermedium (I've studied two males from near Tenger-Nur, preserved in Zoological Institute, St.-Petersburg, and identified by Namkhaidorzh as E. oryx).

So, E. oryx has small area near south-east part of Khangai mountains. It must be in vicariant relations with neihbour populations of E. argali and E. intermedium.

E. oryx easily differs from E. intermedium by smooth elytra and from E. argali by wide sutural white stripe.


[#43]
E. ornatum was described (as Dorcadion) from "Mongoliae" on at least one male and one female (without size data). The original description is equiped with good colour drawing of a male. A syntype female (22.5 mm) is preserved in Zoological Institute (St.-Petersburg) without any geographical label. It has just same elytral design as pictured male.

Glabrous (without white hair stripes) form of E. ornatum was described as Dorcadion exaratum Ménetriés, 1854 "de Pekin". It is wrong locality data, but most probably the type locality is situated in China. The geographical relations between glabrous and pubescent form in China are not clear (I do not know both from one locality). According to Plavilstshikov (1958) "glabrous form does not have own area, but usually does not occur together with pubescent form". According to Namkhaidorzh (1972), all E. ornatum from Mongolien Republic have glabrous elytra (so, the type locality of E. ornatum is situated somewhere in North China), so, at least here E. ornatum is represented by a distinct subspecies. Untill the type locality and status of E. exaratum are not clear, I prefer to use for Mongolian subspecies the name E. ornatum hircus Jakovlev, 1906. One male from Mongolia (with well developed elytral white stripes, though with totally fused internal dorsal stripe and sutural stripe) preserved in Zoological Institute (St.-Petersburg): East-Gobi Aimak, 10 km NW Erdene, 13.7.1975, Gurieva leg. is identified by Namkhaidorzh (hand label) as E. ornatum - in fact iy is normal E. i. kozlovi.

Neodorcadion hircus was described from East Mongolia (Kerulen River Valley). The name was originally declared as a synonym of E. ornatum by Plavilstshikov (1958), as well as Neodorcadion novitzkyi var. inalbatum Suvorov, 1909 also from Kerulen River.

In Mongolia E. ornatum hircus is known from Central-Gobi aimak and East-Gobi aimak to Khentei aimak and East aimak. It must be distributed in China from Mongolian border to Khangai Ridge.

E. kaznakovi (Suvorov, 1912) was described (as Neodorcadion) from "Alashan, Oasis Dyn-juan-ing, 20.VI.1908" on series of males (15-19 mm). A syntype male (15.1 mm) is preserved in Zoological Institute (St.-Petersburg) with the label in Russian: [Alashan, Dyn-iuan-in, 26.6.1908, Kozlov's exp." Another male, preserved in the Museum's collection with the label in Russian ["Alashan Desert, South Gobi, end of IX.1901, Kozlov"] and identified by Namkhaidorzh as E. kaznakovi, is very similar to the syntype but a little longer (17.0mm) with a short basal stroke of internal elytral dorsal stripe and so very similar to the picture of E. ornatum male in its original description. Still E. kaznakovi and E. ornatum looks as different species, because of totally different pronotal and elytral sculpture.


[#44]
E. argaloides was described from "Mongolie méridionale" on 1 female. In the original description it was compared with E. mongolicum, by latter (Breuning, 1962) with E. ornatum and E. kaznakovi. It is difficult to realize exactly what species that female belongs to and where it is from, but the red legs indicates, that most probably it is a female of E. intermedium, and long independent internal dorsal elytral stripe ("Praesuturalbinde") indicates, that it must be a nominative form ("Praesuturalbinde" usually totally absent in E. ornatum or in form of a short stroke near scutellum).


[#45]
The taxonomy of Asias close to Asias halodendri is not clear. It was evident mistake to regard all populations from European Russia to Far East as one species without any subspesies, as it was proposed by Namhaidorzh, 1972 (halodendri = ephippium = minutus = kozlovi).

The differences between European and Far East populations are evident, so the name Asias halodendri halodendri can not be used for east populations, as Cerambyx halodendri Pallas, 1776 was described "... ad Irtin" (= Irtysh), and the specimens from Kazakhstan are not close to Far East populations.

As it was declared by Kostin (1974), populations from East Kazakhstan differs from West Kazakhstan populations at the subspecies level. I preliminary accept that Asias halodendri ephippium (Steven et Dalman, 1817), described from South Russia (Terek River), is distributed from North Caucasus to the south part of European Russia (northwards to about Saratov) and in Ural Region of Kazakhstan.

In Semipalatinsk region Asias halodendri halodendri is distributed.

For far east Maritime subspecies, which penetrates far in East Siberia, the name Asias halodendri pirus (Arakawa, 1932) can be used. It was introduced for Korean population as Purpuricenus pyrus.

Rather peculiar specimens from Tuva populations were described as Anoplistes minutus Hammarström, 1893 - same in Mongolia.


[#46]
According to Namhaidorzh (1972): "In low, south areas of Mongolia as well as in neighbour China a small, pale, pubescent form, described as Asias kozlovi, occurs." (Lectotype was designated by him). That one is sure a separate species. I've studied a big series (about 60 ex.) of Asias kozlovi collected by D.Obydov and A.Saldaitis in Ara-Khangai aimak (47°19'N, 103°41'E, 3-5.8.2003). Asias kozlovi differs from Asias halodendri first of all by long white elytral and pronotal pubescence, pronotal puncturation is much smaller and distinctly less homogenous. Asias kozlovi in general bigger than Asias halodendri minutus (though only small specimens were known to Namkhaidorzh). Body length in Asias kozlovi males is up to 15.5 mm, in females - up to 16.3 mm, while in Asias halodendri minutus males are up to 14.5 mm, females - 14.9 mm.

A. kozlovi was collected in same locality as Asias halodendri minutus, thouh about 1 month later and according to D.Obydov on another host plant.



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